package syntax

Import Path
	regexp/syntax (on go.dev)

Dependency Relation
	imports 5 packages, and imported by one package

Involved Source Files compile.go Package syntax parses regular expressions into parse trees and compiles parse trees into programs. Most clients of regular expressions will use the facilities of package regexp (such as Compile and Match) instead of this package. Syntax The regular expression syntax understood by this package when parsing with the Perl flag is as follows. Parts of the syntax can be disabled by passing alternate flags to Parse. Single characters: . any character, possibly including newline (flag s=true) [xyz] character class [^xyz] negated character class \d Perl character class \D negated Perl character class [[:alpha:]] ASCII character class [[:^alpha:]] negated ASCII character class \pN Unicode character class (one-letter name) \p{Greek} Unicode character class \PN negated Unicode character class (one-letter name) \P{Greek} negated Unicode character class Composites: xy x followed by y x|y x or y (prefer x) Repetitions: x* zero or more x, prefer more x+ one or more x, prefer more x? zero or one x, prefer one x{n,m} n or n+1 or ... or m x, prefer more x{n,} n or more x, prefer more x{n} exactly n x x*? zero or more x, prefer fewer x+? one or more x, prefer fewer x?? zero or one x, prefer zero x{n,m}? n or n+1 or ... or m x, prefer fewer x{n,}? n or more x, prefer fewer x{n}? exactly n x Implementation restriction: The counting forms x{n,m}, x{n,}, and x{n} reject forms that create a minimum or maximum repetition count above 1000. Unlimited repetitions are not subject to this restriction. Grouping: (re) numbered capturing group (submatch) (?P<name>re) named & numbered capturing group (submatch) (?:re) non-capturing group (?flags) set flags within current group; non-capturing (?flags:re) set flags during re; non-capturing Flag syntax is xyz (set) or -xyz (clear) or xy-z (set xy, clear z). The flags are: i case-insensitive (default false) m multi-line mode: ^ and $ match begin/end line in addition to begin/end text (default false) s let . match \n (default false) U ungreedy: swap meaning of x* and x*?, x+ and x+?, etc (default false) Empty strings: ^ at beginning of text or line (flag m=true) $ at end of text (like \z not \Z) or line (flag m=true) \A at beginning of text \b at ASCII word boundary (\w on one side and \W, \A, or \z on the other) \B not at ASCII word boundary \z at end of text Escape sequences: \a bell (== \007) \f form feed (== \014) \t horizontal tab (== \011) \n newline (== \012) \r carriage return (== \015) \v vertical tab character (== \013) \* literal *, for any punctuation character * \123 octal character code (up to three digits) \x7F hex character code (exactly two digits) \x{10FFFF} hex character code \Q...\E literal text ... even if ... has punctuation Character class elements: x single character A-Z character range (inclusive) \d Perl character class [:foo:] ASCII character class foo \p{Foo} Unicode character class Foo \pF Unicode character class F (one-letter name) Named character classes as character class elements: [\d] digits (== \d) [^\d] not digits (== \D) [\D] not digits (== \D) [^\D] not not digits (== \d) [[:name:]] named ASCII class inside character class (== [:name:]) [^[:name:]] named ASCII class inside negated character class (== [:^name:]) [\p{Name}] named Unicode property inside character class (== \p{Name}) [^\p{Name}] named Unicode property inside negated character class (== \P{Name}) Perl character classes (all ASCII-only): \d digits (== [0-9]) \D not digits (== [^0-9]) \s whitespace (== [\t\n\f\r ]) \S not whitespace (== [^\t\n\f\r ]) \w word characters (== [0-9A-Za-z_]) \W not word characters (== [^0-9A-Za-z_]) ASCII character classes: [[:alnum:]] alphanumeric (== [0-9A-Za-z]) [[:alpha:]] alphabetic (== [A-Za-z]) [[:ascii:]] ASCII (== [\x00-\x7F]) [[:blank:]] blank (== [\t ]) [[:cntrl:]] control (== [\x00-\x1F\x7F]) [[:digit:]] digits (== [0-9]) [[:graph:]] graphical (== [!-~] == [A-Za-z0-9!"#$%&'()*+,\-./:;<=>?@[\\\]^_`{|}~]) [[:lower:]] lower case (== [a-z]) [[:print:]] printable (== [ -~] == [ [:graph:]]) [[:punct:]] punctuation (== [!-/:-@[-`{-~]) [[:space:]] whitespace (== [\t\n\v\f\r ]) [[:upper:]] upper case (== [A-Z]) [[:word:]] word characters (== [0-9A-Za-z_]) [[:xdigit:]] hex digit (== [0-9A-Fa-f]) Unicode character classes are those in unicode.Categories and unicode.Scripts. op_string.go parse.go perl_groups.go prog.go regexp.go simplify.go
Package-Level Type Names (total 15, in which 9 are exported)
/* sort exporteds by: | */
An EmptyOp specifies a kind or mixture of zero-width assertions. func EmptyOpContext(r1, r2 rune) EmptyOp func (*Prog).StartCond() EmptyOp const EmptyBeginLine const EmptyBeginText const EmptyEndLine const EmptyEndText const EmptyNoWordBoundary const EmptyWordBoundary
An Error describes a failure to parse a regular expression and gives the offending expression. Code ErrorCode Expr string (*T) Error() string *T : error
An ErrorCode describes a failure to parse a regular expression. ( T) String() string T : fmt.Stringer const ErrInternalError const ErrInvalidCharClass const ErrInvalidCharRange const ErrInvalidEscape const ErrInvalidNamedCapture const ErrInvalidPerlOp const ErrInvalidRepeatOp const ErrInvalidRepeatSize const ErrInvalidUTF8 const ErrMissingBracket const ErrMissingParen const ErrMissingRepeatArgument const ErrTrailingBackslash const ErrUnexpectedParen
Flags control the behavior of the parser and record information about regexp context. func Parse(s string, flags Flags) (*Regexp, error) const ClassNL const DotNL const FoldCase const Literal const MatchNL const NonGreedy const OneLine const Perl const PerlX const POSIX const Simple const UnicodeGroups const WasDollar
An Inst is a single instruction in a regular expression program. // InstAlt, InstAltMatch, InstCapture, InstEmptyWidth Op InstOp // all but InstMatch, InstFail Rune []rune MatchEmptyWidth reports whether the instruction matches an empty string between the runes before and after. It should only be called when i.Op == InstEmptyWidth. MatchRune reports whether the instruction matches (and consumes) r. It should only be called when i.Op == InstRune. MatchRunePos checks whether the instruction matches (and consumes) r. If so, MatchRunePos returns the index of the matching rune pair (or, when len(i.Rune) == 1, rune singleton). If not, MatchRunePos returns -1. MatchRunePos should only be called when i.Op == InstRune. (*T) String() string *T : fmt.Stringer
An InstOp is an instruction opcode. ( T) String() string T : fmt.Stringer const InstAlt const InstAltMatch const InstCapture const InstEmptyWidth const InstFail const InstMatch const InstNop const InstRune const InstRune1 const InstRuneAny const InstRuneAnyNotNL
An Op is a single regular expression operator. ( T) String() string T : fmt.Stringer const OpAlternate const OpAnyChar const OpAnyCharNotNL const OpBeginLine const OpBeginText const OpCapture const OpCharClass const OpConcat const OpEmptyMatch const OpEndLine const OpEndText const OpLiteral const OpNoMatch const OpNoWordBoundary const OpPlus const OpQuest const OpRepeat const OpStar const OpWordBoundary
A Prog is a compiled regular expression program. Inst []Inst // number of InstCapture insts in re // index of start instruction Prefix returns a literal string that all matches for the regexp must start with. Complete is true if the prefix is the entire match. StartCond returns the leading empty-width conditions that must be true in any match. It returns ^EmptyOp(0) if no matches are possible. (*T) String() string *T : fmt.Stringer func Compile(re *Regexp) (*Prog, error)
A Regexp is a node in a regular expression syntax tree. // capturing index, for OpCapture Flags Flags // min, max for OpRepeat // min, max for OpRepeat // capturing name, for OpCapture // operator // matched runes, for OpLiteral, OpCharClass // storage for short Rune // subexpressions, if any // storage for short Sub CapNames walks the regexp to find the names of capturing groups. Equal reports whether x and y have identical structure. MaxCap walks the regexp to find the maximum capture index. Simplify returns a regexp equivalent to re but without counted repetitions and with various other simplifications, such as rewriting /(?:a+)+/ to /a+/. The resulting regexp will execute correctly but its string representation will not produce the same parse tree, because capturing parentheses may have been duplicated or removed. For example, the simplified form for /(x){1,2}/ is /(x)(x)?/ but both parentheses capture as $1. The returned regexp may share structure with or be the original. (*T) String() string *T : fmt.Stringer func Parse(s string, flags Flags) (*Regexp, error) func (*Regexp).Simplify() *Regexp func Compile(re *Regexp) (*Prog, error) func (*Regexp).Equal(y *Regexp) bool
Package-Level Functions (total 35, in which 4 are exported)
Compile compiles the regexp into a program to be executed. The regexp should have been simplified already (returned from re.Simplify).
EmptyOpContext returns the zero-width assertions satisfied at the position between the runes r1 and r2. Passing r1 == -1 indicates that the position is at the beginning of the text. Passing r2 == -1 indicates that the position is at the end of the text.
IsWordChar reports whether r is consider a ``word character'' during the evaluation of the \b and \B zero-width assertions. These assertions are ASCII-only: the word characters are [A-Za-z0-9_].
Parse parses a regular expression string s, controlled by the specified Flags, and returns a regular expression parse tree. The syntax is described in the top-level comment.
Package-Level Variables (total 24, none are exported)
Package-Level Constants (total 72, in which 63 are exported)
const ClassNL Flags = 4 // allow character classes like [^a-z] and [[:space:]] to match newline
const DotNL Flags = 8 // allow . to match newline
Unexpected error
Parse errors
const ErrInvalidCharRange ErrorCode = "invalid character class range"
const ErrInvalidEscape ErrorCode = "invalid escape sequence"
const ErrInvalidNamedCapture ErrorCode = "invalid named capture"
const ErrInvalidPerlOp ErrorCode = "invalid or unsupported Perl syntax"
const ErrInvalidRepeatOp ErrorCode = "invalid nested repetition operator"
const ErrInvalidRepeatSize ErrorCode = "invalid repeat count"
const ErrInvalidUTF8 ErrorCode = "invalid UTF-8"
const ErrMissingBracket ErrorCode = "missing closing ]"
const ErrMissingParen ErrorCode = "missing closing )"
const ErrMissingRepeatArgument ErrorCode = "missing argument to repetition operator"
const ErrTrailingBackslash ErrorCode = "trailing backslash at end of expression"
const ErrUnexpectedParen ErrorCode = "unexpected )"
const FoldCase Flags = 1 // case-insensitive match
const InstAlt InstOp = 0
const InstAltMatch InstOp = 1
const InstCapture InstOp = 2
const InstFail InstOp = 5
const InstMatch InstOp = 4
const InstNop InstOp = 6
const InstRune InstOp = 7
const InstRune1 InstOp = 8
const InstRuneAny InstOp = 9
const Literal Flags = 2 // treat pattern as literal string
const MatchNL Flags = 12
const NonGreedy Flags = 32 // make repetition operators default to non-greedy
const OneLine Flags = 16 // treat ^ and $ as only matching at beginning and end of text
const OpAlternate Op = 19 // matches alternation of Subs
const OpAnyChar Op = 6 // matches any character
const OpAnyCharNotNL Op = 5 // matches any character except newline
const OpBeginLine Op = 7 // matches empty string at beginning of line
const OpBeginText Op = 9 // matches empty string at beginning of text
const OpCapture Op = 13 // capturing subexpression with index Cap, optional name Name
const OpCharClass Op = 4 // matches Runes interpreted as range pair list
const OpConcat Op = 18 // matches concatenation of Subs
const OpEmptyMatch Op = 2 // matches empty string
const OpEndLine Op = 8 // matches empty string at end of line
const OpEndText Op = 10 // matches empty string at end of text
const OpLiteral Op = 3 // matches Runes sequence
const OpNoMatch Op = 1 // matches no strings
const OpNoWordBoundary Op = 12 // matches word non-boundary `\B`
const OpPlus Op = 15 // matches Sub[0] one or more times
const OpQuest Op = 16 // matches Sub[0] zero or one times
const OpRepeat Op = 17 // matches Sub[0] at least Min times, at most Max (Max == -1 is no limit)
const OpStar Op = 14 // matches Sub[0] zero or more times
const OpWordBoundary Op = 11 // matches word boundary `\b`
const Perl Flags = 212 // as close to Perl as possible
const PerlX Flags = 64 // allow Perl extensions
const POSIX Flags = 0 // POSIX syntax
const Simple Flags = 512 // regexp contains no counted repetition
const UnicodeGroups Flags = 128 // allow \p{Han}, \P{Han} for Unicode group and negation
const WasDollar Flags = 256 // regexp OpEndText was $, not \z